Works cited

This list of Works Cited is divided into two sections: Church-Related References and Other References.

Church-Related References

Benedict XVI. Pastoral Letter of His Holiness Benedict XVI to the Catholics of Ireland (19 March 2010): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 102 (2010): 209-220. http://w2.vatican.va/content/ benedict-xvi/en/letters/2010/documents/hf_ben–xvi_ let_20100319_church-ireland.html

Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. Annual Plenary Assembly Meeting. News Release. 27 October 1989.

——— Breach of Trust – Breach of Faith: Child Sexual Abuse in the Church and Society. Prepared by the CCCB staff under the direction of the members of the CCCB Ad Hoc Committee on Child Sexual Abuse. Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 1992.

——— Elements of a National Pastoral Initiative for Life and the Family: A Fundamental Option for Life and the Family. Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011. www.cccb.ca/site/…/pdf/life…/National_Pastoral_ Initiative_for_Life_and_Family.pdf

——— National Directory for the Ministry, Formation and Life of Permanent Deacons in Canada/Directoire national pour le ministère, la formation et la vie des diacres permanents au Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2017.

——— Episcopal Commission for Doctrine of the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. The Missionary Dynamic of the Parish Today. Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2014. http://www.cccb.ca/site/images/ stories/pdf/CCCB_Parish_web.pdf

——— La formation des candidats au ministère presbytéral.

Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2017.

——— From Pain to Hope: Report by the Ad Hoc Committee on Child Sexual Abuse. Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, June 1992.

——— Orientations Issued by the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops for Updating a Diocesan Protocol for the Prevention of the Sexual Abuse of Minors and the Pastoral Response to Complaints Regarding Abuse, June 2007. http://www.cccb.ca/site/images/stories/pdf/orientations- diocesan_protocols.pdf

——— Program for Priestly Formation. Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2002.

——— Responsibility in Ministry: A Statement of Commitment. Ottawa: Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 1996.

Canon Law Society of America. Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. Latin-English Edition. Washington, D.C.: Canon Law Society of America, 1992.

Caparros, Ernest, Michel Thériault and Jean Thorn, eds. The Code of Canon Law Annotated. 2nd edition. Montreal: Wilson & Lafleur Limitée, 2004.

Catholic Church. Catechism of the Catholic Church: Revised in Accordance with the Official Latin Text Promulgated by Pope John Paul II. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1992.

Congregation for Bishops. Directory for the Pastoral Ministry of Bishops Apostolorum Successores (22 February 2004): Enchiridion Vaticanum 22 (2006): 1047-1275. http:// www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cbishops/ documents/rc_con_cbishops_doc_20040222_apostolorum- successores_en.html#Chapter_VII

Congregation for the Clergy. The Gift of the Priestly Vocation – Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis (8 December 2016).

Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Circular Letter to Assist Episcopal Conferences in Developing Guidelines for Dealing with Cases of Sexual Abuse of Minors Perpetrated by Clerics (3 May 2011): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 103 (2011): 406–12.

——— Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela (30 April 2001):

Acta Apostolicae Sedis 93 (2001): 737–739.

——— Normae de delictis Congregationi pro Doctrina Fidei reservatis seu Normae de delictis contra fidem necnon de gravioribus delictis (21 May 2010): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 102

(2010): 419–434.

Diocese of London. Safe Environment Policy. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd edtions. London, ON: Diocese of London, 2016.

Francis. Address to Bishops of the Episcopal Conference of the Netherlands on their “Ad Limina” Visit (2 December 2013). https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2013/ december/documents/papa-francesco_20131202_presuli- paesi-bassi.html

——— Address to the Bishops of Mexico (13 February 2016). https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2016/ february/documents/papa-francesco_20160213_messico- vescovi.html

——— Apostolic Exhortation on the Proclamation of the Gospel in Today’s World Evangelii Gaudium (24 November 2013): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 105 (2013): 1019–1137. http:// w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/ documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_ 20131124_ evangelii-gaudium.html

——— Apostolic Letter Issued motu proprio “As a Loving Mother” (4 June 2016).

——— Bull of Indiction of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy Misericordiae Vultus (11 April 2015). https://w2.vatican. va/content/francesco/en/apost_letters/documents/papa- francesco_bolla_20150411_misericordiae-vultus.html

——— Letter to Bishops on the Feast of the Holy Innocents (28December2016).https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/ en/letters/2016/documents/papa-francesco_20161228_santi- innocenti.html

——— Letter to the People of God (20 August 2018). http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/letters/2018/ documents/papa–francesco_ 20180820_lettera-popolo- didio.html

——— Letter to the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences and Superiors of Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life Concerning the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors (2 February 2015). https://w2.vatican. va/content/francesco/en/letters/2015/documents/papa– francesco_20150202_lettera-pontificia-commissione-tutela- minori.html

Holy Bible: NRSV Catholic Edition, Anglicized Text.

New York: Harper Collins, 1991.

John  Paul  II.  Apostolic  Constitution  Pastor Bonus

(28 June 1988): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 80 (1988): 841–930.

——— Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on the Bishop Servant of Jesus Christ for the Hope of the World Pastores Gregis (16 October 2003): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 96

(2004): 825–927.

——— Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on the Formation of Priests in the Circumstances of the Present Day Pastores dabo vobis (15 March 1992): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 84 (1992): 657–804.

——— Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on the Role of the Christian Family in the Modern World Familiaris Consortio (22 November 1981): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 74

(1982): 81–191.

——— Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation on the Vocation and the Mission of the Lay Faithful in the Church and in the World Christifideles Laici (30 December 1988): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 81 (1989): 393–591. http://w2.vatican.va/ content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_exhortations/documents/    hf_jp-ii_exh_30121988_christifideles-laici.html

La Société internationale de droit canonique et de législations religieuses comparées. 1983. Code de droit canonique. Texte officiel et traduction française. Paris: Éditions Centurion, Cerf, Tardy, 1984.

Morrisey (O.M.I.), Francis. “Proposed Procedure to be Applied in Cases of Child Sexual Abuse by a Cleric.” Unpublished document. Ottawa, 11 August 1987: 1-5. (This document was judged useful by the Permanent Council of the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops and distributed to Bishops as information on 1 December 1987).

Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts. Responsum (5 July 1985).

Press  Release,  “CCCB  Plenary  Meeting,” 27 October 1989.

Second Vatican Ecumenical Council. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium (21 November 1964): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 57 (1965): 6–89.

Other References

Australia. Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse: Final Report [online]. 17 volumes. Report by the Honourable Justice Peter McClellan A.M., Chair, et al. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. https://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/final-report

Badgley, Robin F., and the Committee on Sexual Offences Against Children and Youths (Canada). Sexual Offences Against Children in Canada: Summary of the Report of the Committee on Sexual Offences Against Children and Youths Appointed by the Minister of Justice & Attorney General of Canada, the Minister of National Health and Welfare, Government of Canada. Ottawa: The Committee, 1984.

Canadian Centre for Child Protection. Child Sexual Abuse: It Is Your Business. Winnipeg, 2014.

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 11(d), Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982.

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Report I of the 40th Statewide Investigating Grand Jury. Harrisburg, PA: Office of Attorney General, July 27, 2018. https://www.attorneygeneral. gov/report/

Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46.

Delap, Lucy. “Child Welfare, Child Protection and Sexual Abuse, 1918-1990.” History & Policy (30 July 2015). http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/child-welfare-child-protection-and-sexual-abuse-1918-1990

Finkelhor, David, and Angela Browne. “The Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse: A Conceptualization.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 55, 4 (October 1985): 530–541.

Finkelhor, David, and Sharon Araji. “Explanations of Pedophilia: A Four Factor Model.” The Journal of Sex Research 22, 2 (May 1986): 145-161.

Hughes, Samuel H. S. et al. Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Response of the Newfoundland Criminal Justice System to Complaints. St. John’s, N.L.: The Commission, 1991.

Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada. Provincial Definitions of a Minor. Ottawa, 2013. https:// www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/ corporate/publications-manuals/operational-bulletins- manuals/refugee-protection/canada/processing-provincial- definitions-minor.html

Interagency Working Group on Sexual Exploitation of Children. Terminology Guidelines for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse. Luxembourg: ECPAT International, jointly with ECPAT Luxembourg, 2016. (Also known as the Luxembourg Guidelines.) http:// luxembourgguidelines.org

Mathews, Frederick. The Invisible Boy: Revisioning the Victimization of Male Children and Teens. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 1996.

Monbourquette, Jean. Comment pardonner? Pardonner pour guérir, guérir pour pardonner. Ottawa: Les Éditions Novalis, 1992.

Ontario. Ministry of the Attorney General. Report of the Cornwall Inquiry. 4 volumes. Report by the Honourable

2009. Normand Glaude, Commissioner. Toronto: Ministry of the Attorney General of Ontario, 2009. (Also known as the Glaude Report.)

Public Safety Canada. The Screening Handbook: Tools and Resources for the Voluntary Sector. Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2012. https://www.publicsafety. gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/scrnng-hndbk/index-en.aspx

Republic of Ireland. Department of Children and Youth Affairs. Report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse. Report by Seán Ryan et al. Dublin: The Stationery Office, 2009. (Also known as the Ryan Report.) http://www. childabusecommission.ie/rpt/pdfs/

Republic of Ireland. Department of Justice and Equity. The Report by Commission of Investigation into Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin [online]. Report by Judge Yvonne Murphy et al. Dublin: The Stationery Office, 2009. http://www.justice. ie/en/JELR/DACOI%20Part%201%20beginning.pdf/Files/ DACOI%20Part%201%20beginning.pdf

——— Report by Commission of Investigation into the Handling by Church and State Authorities of Allegations and Suspicions of Child Sexual Abuse Against Clerics of the Catholic Diocese of Cloyne [online]. Report by Judge Yvonne Murphy et al. Dublin: The Stationery Office, 2011. (Also known as the Cloyne Report.) http://www.justice.ie/en/JELR/Cloyne_ Rpt.pdf/Files/Cloyne_Rpt.pdf

Rogers, Rix G. Reaching for Solutions: The Summary Report of the Special Advisor to the Minister of National Health and Welfare on Child Sexual Abuse. Ottawa: The Advisor, 1990.

Terry, Karen J., Margaret Leland Smith et al. The Nature and Scope of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests and Deacons in the United States, 1950-2002: A Research Study Conducted by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Washington D.C.: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2004. (Also known as the 2004 John Jay College Report.) http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/child-and- youth-protection/upload/The–Nature-and-Scope-of-Sexual- Abuse-of-Minors-by-Catholic-Priests-and-Deacons-in-the- United-States-1950-2002.pdf

——— The Nature and Scope of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests and Deacons in the United States, 1950-2002: A Research Study Conducted by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. 2006 Supplementary Report. Washington D.C.: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2006. http://www. usccb.org/issues–and-action/child–and-youth-protection/ upload/Nature–and-Scope-supplemental-data-2006.pdf

——— The Causes and Context of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests in the United States, 1950-2010: A Report Presented to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops by the John Jay College Research Team. Washington D.C.: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011. (Also known as the 2011 John Jay College Report.) http://www.usccb.org/ issues-and-action/child–and-youth-protection/upload/The– Causes-and-Context-of-Sexual-Abuse-of-Minors-by-Catholic- Priests-in-the-United-States-1950-2010.pdf

Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Canada. Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Winnipeg: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015. http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/ File/2015/Findings/Exec_Summary_2015_05_31_web_o.pdf

United Nations General Assembly. “Convention on the Rights of the Child.” Treaty Series 1577 (November 1989). https://treaties.un.org/pages/viewdetails.aspx?src=ind& mtdsg_no=iv-11&chapter=4&clang=_en

United Nations. Task Team on the SEA Glossary for the Special Coordinator on Improving the United Nations Response to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse. Glossary on Sexual Exploitation and Abuse. 2nd edition. New York: United Nations, 2017. https://hr.un.org/sites/hr.un.org/ files/SEA%20Glossary%20%20%5BSecond%20Edition%20-%202017%5D%20-%20English_0.pdf

Wilson, Robin J., Franca Cortoni, and Monica Vermani. Circles of Support & Accountability: A National Replication of Outcome Findings. Report No. R-185. Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2007.

Winter, Gordon A., and the Archdiocesan Commission of Enquiry into the Sexual Abuse of Children by Members of the Clergy (St. John’s N.L.). The Report of the Archdiocesan Commission of Enquiry into the Sexual Abuse of Children by Members of the Clergy. St John’s: Archdiocese of St. John’s, 1990. (Also known as the Winter Commission Report.)

Endnotes

• Among its more significant initiatives and milestones can be counted the circulation in 1987 of sample guidelines for addressing allegations; the substantial financial donation in 1990 toward the Winter Commission’s investigation of sexual abuse cases in the Archdiocese of St. John’s, Newfoundland, Report of the Archdiocesan Commission; the establishment in 1989 of the Ad Hoc Committee on Child Sexual Abuse and the publication in 1993 by the same committee of From Pain to Hope (the first public guidelines issued by an Episcopal Conference anywhere in the world); the dissemination in 1992 of the study kit, Breach of Trust; the publication in 1996 of Responsibility in Ministry; the work undertaken between 2002 to 2004 by the special task force for reviewing From Pain to Hope, including its important final report which provided comments and feedback from survivors; and the issuing in 2007 of Orientations for Updating a Diocesan Protocol.
• Following a lengthy period of serious reflection, the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops (CCCB) in June 1992 published From Pain to Hope, a report by the Ad Hoc Committee on Child Sexual Abuse. The publication served as the first set of guidelines by the Conference to assist bishops and major superiors in understanding the phenomenon of sexual abuse and implementing local policies and protocols for the protection of minors.
• Diocese of London, Safe Environment Policy, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
• Badgley et , Sexual Offences Against Children in Canada.
• , 29.
• , 1.
• Morrisey, “Child Sexual Abuse by a Cleric.” This document, prepared by Father Francis Morrisey, M.I., was judged useful by the Permanent Council and distributed to bishops as information on 1 December 1987.
• See CCCB Annual Plenary Assembly, News Release, 27 October
• Rogers, Reaching for Solutions.
• Winter et , Report of the Archdiocesan Commission.
• Hughes et , Royal Commission of Inquiry.
• CCCB, From Pain to Hope. In 1996, the CCCB also issued Responsibility in Ministry. Primarily addressed to those who held appointments or mandates from the competent authority to minister in the name of the Church, it was meant to serve as a pastoral working instrument to facilitate a culture of responsibility and accountability in Catholic dioceses and institutes across Canada.
• Terry et al., The Nature and Scope of Sexual Abuse of Minors (John Jay College Report, 2004), Supplementary Report (2006), and Causes and Context of Sexual Abuse of Minors (John Jay College Report, 2011). Whereas the John Jay reports were each commissioned by the United States Conference of

Catholic Bishops, a number of independently commissioned or statutory inquiries are also very noteworthy. Without question, these other reports will be read and studied with interest for years to come by Church officials and all institutions and organizations serving young and vulnerable populations. Among key examples, see: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Report I of the 40th Statewide Investigating Grand Jury (2018); Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada), Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future (2015); Ontario, Report of the Cornwall Inquiry (2009); Republic of Ireland, Report of the Commission to Inquire Into Child Abuse (Ryan Report, 2009); Republic of Ireland, Report by Commission of Investigation into Catholic Diocese of Cloyne (Cloyne Report, 2011), and the final report of the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (2017). The same will be true of the forthcoming report of the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in England and Wales.

• It is important to note, however, that the Guidelines appearing in this document apply equally to the sexual abuse of any vulnerable adult. A vulnerable adult, as defined in the present document, is understood to be someone who is unable to protect himself or herself from significant harm or exploitation because of mental or emotional incapacity, advanced age, physical illness, mental disorder, or See Part Two, Guidelines, § 2.5, for the definition of “vulnerable adult” and its applicability.
• For the purposes of this resource, “institutes” includes ordained and consecrated members of religious and secular institutes, societies of apostolic life, public associations of the faithful, and new ecclesial communities.
• The term “major superiors” as used in this Introduction, while simplified for readability, is identical to its more technical use in Part Two, Guidelines,
• 1.1 (commentary).
• The text of the Normae de delictis issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith currently in force as approved by Pope Benedict XVI on 21 May 2010, contains modifications to both the substantial and procedural norms found in the original text of Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela.
• See Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Circular Letter, 3 May
• See specifically Pope Francis, “As a Loving Mother,” 2 June
• The term “major superiors” as used in Part I, while simplified for readability, is identical to its more technical use in Part II, Guidelines, 1.1 (commentary).
• On the notion of accompaniment, Pope Francis has stated in Evangelii Gaudium, n. 169: “The Church will have to initiate everyone – priests, members of institutes, and laity – into this ‘art of accompaniment’ which teaches us to remove our sandals before the sacred ground of the other (cf. Exodus 3:5).” Central to the art of accompaniment is the act of listening: “Listening, in communication, is an openness of heart which makes possible that closeness without which a genuine spiritual encounter cannot occur (Pope Francis, Evangelii Gaudium, n. 171).”
• Pope Benedict XVI, Pastoral Letter to Catholics of Ireland, 19 March
• This date marks a national turning point in raising awareness about child sexual abuse and the establishment of best practices. Building on the 1984 Badgley Report, Sexual Offences Against Children in Canada, the 1990s saw several other landmark reports submitted to the Government of Canada, including Rogers, Reaching for Solutions; Hughes et al., Royal Commission Inquiry; and Mathews, Invisible Boy. The Winter Commission Report (Winter et al., Report of the Archdiocesan Commission) was based on the inquiry into clerical sexual abuse within the Archdiocese of John’s, Newfoundland and prompted in part by public hearings of the Hughes Commission concerning sexual abuse at Mount Cashel Orphanage. It also contributed significantly to national awareness.
• Statutes of limitation define the time frame within which authorities are required to bring criminal charges against a suspect after the alleged criminal act is said to have taken place. Under the Criminal Code of Canada, there is no statute of limitations for indictable offences such as sexual assault/sexual abuse; g., the accused can be charged twenty/thirty, or any other number of years after an act has occurred.
• Awareness of the impact of sexual abuse on survivors began improving by the mid-1980s. See Finkelhor and Browne, “Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse.”
• For one perspective, see Finkelhor and Araji, “Explanations of ”
• See Badgley et , Sexual Offences Against Children in Canada.
• Rogers, Reaching for Solutions,
• Delap, “Child Welfare.”
• For more details, see: Public Safety Canada, Screening Handbook,
• Annual Anglophone Safeguarding Conference, http://childprotection. it/anglophone-safeguarding-conference.
• Canadian Centre for Child Protection, https://www.prca/ app/en/.
• Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Circular Letter, 3 May 2011, Part 1 (a).
• Code of Canon Law (CIC) c. 1722 and Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEC) c. 1473; Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Normae de delictis in Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela (SST) [rev. 2010] art. 19.
• “Sexual abuse of minors is not just a canonical delict but also a crime prosecuted by civil law. Although relations with civil authority will differ in various countries, nevertheless it is important to cooperate with such authority within their responsibilities. Specifically, without prejudice to the sacramental internal forum, the prescriptions of civil law regarding the reporting of such crimes to the designated authority should always be followed. This collaboration, moreover, not only concerns cases of abuse committed by clerics, but also those which involve religious or lay persons who function in ecclesiastical structures.” Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Circular Letter, 3 May 2011, Part 1 (e).

• SST [2010] art. 6 §§ 1.1 and 1.2.
• If a cleric-abuser, who is not incarcerated, is at risk of reoffending as a private citizen, dismissal from the clerical state may not be in the best interest of public safety. A more prudential course of action might be to submit him to a life of prayer and penance/ecclesiastical vigilance, in which appropriate restrictions are placed on his freedom (cf. CIC/c. 1336 and CCEO/c. 1428, 1429).
• Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Circular Letter, 3 May
• More reflection and work are needed to understand how justice and mercy play out in the Church and society’s attitude toward those who are found guilty of sexual abuse. High-risk sex offenders have a significantly greater risk of recidivism when they fail to receive treatment and support through programs, therapy, supervision, and pastoral counselling. See the full report of Wilson et al., Circles of Support.
• This duty is likewise implied in the logic of canon law (cf. CIC/c. 1341-1353 and CCEO/c. 1424-1428).
• CIC/c. 1344; CCEO/c. 1415
• Pope Francis, Letter to Bishops, 28 December
• Pope Saint John Paul II, Pastores dabo vobis, 15 March
• Congregation for the Clergy, Ratio Fundamentalis, 8 December
• , 202.
• Pope Saint John Paul II, Pastores dabo vobis, 15 March 1992; Congregation for the Clergy, Ratio Fundamentalis, 8 December 2016; CCCB, Program for Priestly Formation, 2002; ibid., La formation des candidats au ministère presbytéral, 2017; ibid., National Directory for the Ministry, Formation and Life of Permanent Deacons/Directoire national pour le ministère, la formation et la vie des diacres permanents, 2017. Note: Since the directives from the Holy See (Ratio Fundamentalis) and those of this Episcopal Conference can be updated over time, it is important that the most current version always be used for the purposes of formation at any given time.
• Ontario, Ministry of the Attorney General, Report of the Cornwall Inquiry 2: 95.
• UN General Assembly, “Convention on the Rights of the Child,”

20 November 1989, vol. 1577, 3: Article 3: “In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration;” and Article 19: “1. States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s), or any other person who has the care of the child. 2. Such protective measures should, as appropriate, include effective procedures for the establishment of social programmes to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have care of the child, as well as for other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment and follow-up of instances of child maltreatment described heretofore, and, as appropriate for judicial involvement.”

• Pope Francis, Letter Concerning the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, 2 February 2015.
• Pope Francis, Address to Bishops of the Episcopal Conference of the Netherlands, 2 December 2013.
• The study by Finkelhor and Browne (1985), often quoted in the literature on child sexual abuse, classifies the experience of victims into four basic “clusters of ” They are: i) feelings of guilt and shame and negative self-imaging;

533. ii) confusion about sexual norms and standards as well as sexual identity, including unusual emotional behaviours and attitudes towards sexual activities ranging from revulsion to those which are precocious, obsessive-compulsive, and predatory; iii) profound difficulties with trust and relationships, resolved through a range of behaviours which seek to control and dominate – from self-imposed isolation to participation in unhealthy subcultures (e.g., drugs, prostitution); and iv) a sense of helplessness that interferes with the basic pursuit of life goals and accomplishments, including education and employment. These categories are meant to serve as headings under which more detailed accounts of trauma can be organized. Over and above these categories are certain generalized effects which are commonly present, such as depression, anxiety, anger, and suicidal ideation. While separating the effects into categories can facilitate deeper analysis and understanding, it is important to appreciate that in the actual experience of survivors the effects of sexual abuse are intertwined and can interact with each other in unpredictable ways. See Finkelhor and Browne, “Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse,” 531, 532, and 533.

• Monbourquette, Comment pardonner? 53, 88.
• See Foreword (page 10).
• Pope Saint John Paul II, Familaris Consortio, 22 November 1981, n. 86. See also CCCB, Elements of a National Pastoral Initiative, 6.
• CCCB Episcopal Commission for Doctrine, Missionary Dynamic of the Parish Today, n. 7.
• The Canadian Centre for Child Protection identifies eleven types of behaviours with regard to children twelve years old and under which may be indicative of sexual abuse, namely: 1) advanced sexual knowledge, 2) sexualized behaviour,

3) withdrawn/depressed, 4) clingy, 5) decline in school performance,

6) distress around a particular adult, 7) excessively seeking time with a particular adult, 8) aggression, 9) self-destructive, 10) physical symptoms (in the genital region), 11) disrupted sleep patterns. See Child Sexual Abuse: It Is Your Business, 5.

• Pope Saint John Paul II, Pastores Gregis, 16 October 2003, n. 21: “In the present social context, the bishop needs to remain particularly close to his flock and above all to his priests, showing a father’s concern for their ascetic and spiritual difficulties, and providing them with appropriate support to encourage them in fidelity to their vocation and to the requirements of an exemplary life in the exercise of the ministry. In cases of grave lapses, and even more of crimes which do damage to the very witness of the Gospel, especially when these involve the Church’s ministers, the bishop must be firm and decisive, just and impartial. He is bound to intervene in a timely manner, according to the established canonical norms, for the correction and spiritual good of the sacred minister, for the reparation of scandal and the restoration of justice, and for all that is required for the protection and assistance of victims.”
• Congregation for Bishops, Apostolorum Successores, 22 February 2004, 158., n. 209. ibid., n. 158. ibid., n. 28.
• For a further elaboration of this see: CIC, 455 §§ 1-2. Included among the general decrees are general executive decrees, i.e., canons 31-33. Cf. Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts, Responsum, 5 July 1985.
• Congregation for Bishops, Apostolorum Successores, 22 February 2004, 54.
• To ensure that those in positions of power and authority take seriously their responsibility and commitment to protect the weakest among those entrusted to them, Pope Francis issued As a Loving Mother (in effect since 5 September 2016), reiterating, with particular emphasis in relation to cases of sexual abuse, that bishops who, after investigation, had been found gravely negligent in the exercise of their office can be removed either by fraternal exhortation or decree, subject to the specific approval of the Roman Pontiff.
• For the website of Praesidium, see: https://website.praesidiuminc.com/wp/.
• For the website of Virtus ®, see: https://www.virorg/virtus/.
• See Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 11(d), Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11, which states: “Any person charged with an offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to law in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal.”
• Pope Francis, Address of His Holiness Pope Francis to the Bishops of Mexico, 13 February 2016.
• Winter et al., Report of the Archdiocesan Commission; CCCB, From Pain to Hope; Terry et al., Causes and Context of the Sexual Abuse of Minors (also known as the 2011 John Jay Report).
• Terry et , Causes and Context of the Sexual Abuse of Minors, 93.
• Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Lumen Gentium, 21 November 1964, 8.
• Pope Francis, Evangelii Gaudium, 24 November 2013, n. 27: “I dream of a ‘missionary option’, that is, a missionary impulse capable of transforming everything, so that the Church’s customs, ways of doing things, times and schedules, language and structures can be suitably channeled [sic] for the evangelization of today’s world rather than for her self-preservation.”
• Catechism of the Catholic Church, 876 ff.
• Psalm 104:30: “When you send forth your spirit, they are created; and you renew the face of the ground.” (NRSV)
• Pope Francis, Evangelii Gaudium, 24 November 2013, n. 27-33.
• Pope Saint John Paul II, Christifideles Laici, 30 December 1988, 34.
• Pope Francis, Misericordiae Vultus, 11 April 2015, 25.
• Pope Saint John Paul II, Christifideles Laici, 30 December 1988, 34.
• Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Circular Letter, 3 May
• , Normae de delictis, 21 May 2010.
• , Circular Letter, 3 May 2011.
• Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada, Provincial Definitions of a Minor.
• In the case of an ordained member of an institute who has been accused of sexually abusing a minor, the member concerned is canonically subject to Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela (30 April 2001), which includes the “Norms pertaining to the most grave delicts” (Normae de gravioribus delictis) reserved to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith revised by Pope Benedict XVI on 21 May 2010 . For a detailed outline of the canonical procedures, see the preceding Guidelines.
• For more details, see: Public Safety Canada, Screening Handbook,
• Annual Anglophone Safeguarding Conference, http://childprotection. it/anglophone-safeguarding-conference.
• Canadian Centre for Child Protection, https://www.prca/ app/en/.
• Pope Saint John Paul II, Pastores dabo vobis, 15 March 1992; Congregation for the Clergy, Ratio Fundamentalis, 8 December 2016; CCCB, Program for Priestly Formation, 2002; ibid., La formation des candidats au ministère presbytéral, 2017; , National Directory for the Ministry, Formation and Life of Permanent Deacons/Directoire national pour le ministère, la formation et la vie des diacres permanents, 2017. Note: Since the directives from the

Holy See (Ratio Fundamentalis) and those of this Episcopal Conference can be updated over time, it is important that the most current version always be used for the purposes of formation at any given time.

• Ontario, Ministry of the Attorney General, Report of the Cornwall Inquiry 2: 95.
• UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, vol. 1577, 3: Article 3: “In all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration;” and Article 19: “1. States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s), or any other person who has the care of the child. 2. Such protective measures should, as appropriate, include effective procedures for the establishment of social programmes to provide necessary support for the child and for those who have care of the child, as well as for other forms of prevention and for identification, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment and follow-up of instances of child maltreatment described heretofore, and, as appropriate for judicial involvement.”
• Pope Saint John Paul II, Pastor Bonus, art. 2 § 1.
• CIC/c. 447; CCEC/c.
• CCEO/c. 399; CIC/c.
• Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada, Provincial Definitions of a Minor.
• CIC/c. 207 § 2; CCEC/c. X.
• United Nations, “Sexual abuse,” in Glossary on Sexual Exploitation, § 4: 5 ff.
• Interagency Working Group, Terminology Guidelines, § C.3: 19.
• United Nations, “Sexual assault,” in Glossary on Sexual Exploitation,
• 1.2, 9: 6.
• Interagency Working Group, Terminology Guidelines, § P.4.ii: 80.
• See: CIC/c. 99; CCEC/c.